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A proxy is also known as an application called a proxy serves in the role of an intermediary server and client over the internet. Without the proxy, a client could submit a request for an online service directly from a server and the server would serve the resource directly for the client. This is a simple method to understand and implement but the addition of proxies can bring advantages such as increased performance and security, privacy, and more. As an additional layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the combined mixture of the server's hardware with proxy software is often referred too as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies that are traditionally described as software and in the context of web servers. This article will present a detailed breakdown of two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage scenario, which is often confused due to the same terms.




This article will provide details about what proxy services and subtypes are and the way they work in a variety of configurations. After reading this article, you will be able to identify the situations in which using proxy services is beneficial, and choose the right solution between reverse and forward proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to an open proxy serves as a representative for a user who wishes to make an internet-based request to an the server which originated it. In this scenario the entire process of sending requests made by the user will instead be made through the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting instead of the client will take a look at the request. It will then determine if this user is authorised to transmit requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then decide whether to reject any request, or to forward it to the source server. The client has no direct access directly to internet. It is able to access only the information that the forward proxy allows the client to connect.




A popular use for forward proxy is to provide greater privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy allows access to the internet instead of a client. in this way it can use a different IP address than the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how it's been configured and how it's configured forward proxy could offer you a variety of features based the way it's configured and enables you to:




Don't be a victim of ad trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize the restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used to secure systems which are centralized as well as access that is permission-based for instance, such as at work. When all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy the administrator can grant only a small number of clients connection to internet filtered through the common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the server layer that could include a variety of machines that have diverse environments and users. A firewall may be installed in the forward proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies must be manually set up in order to be used, whereas reverse proxies can be hidden from the user. Based on the type of the IP address that the user who is transferred to the origin server through the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are a variety of options to consider for forward proxies.




Apache A well-known open source web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx is another widely-used open-source web server that has the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid is a free forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the complete web server. You can read our article about the best method to build a Squid proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP making it more suitable for use instances like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is a representative of the web server which manages incoming requests from clients on its behalf. Web servers can comprise a server, or multiple servers. It could also be an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request will come via the web at large. In most cases requests will then be transmitted directly to the web server with the information the user seeks. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, separating the webserver from direct interaction with the internet.




From the perspective of the user, the experience of interacting with a reverse proxy is no different than connecting to an internet server directly. It's essentially the same but the user is unable to discern the difference. The client requests an item and receives it, with no further configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Centralized security on webservers.


Controlling traffic that is incoming by implementing rules that you establish.


New caching functionality has been added.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers. However, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the layer of the webserver and not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on the web server layer that could include multiple servers and various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and connecting with requests from customers off of web servers enables them to focus solely on serving the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers running reverse-proxies, the reverse proxy can also handle the direction that requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers could be operating from the same host, offering different types of resources or a combination of the two. They may use the HTTP protocol as a traditional web server, however they may also be able to be equipped with application server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific servers based on the services required, or to a set of rules for the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies also gain by their position on top of web servers, as they provide caching capabilities. Massive static files can be configured by using caching rules in order to avoid having to contact web servers for each request. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static assets without having to connect with the webserver at all. Furthermore the reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy option. While Apache is a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server does have reverse proxy functions, but it's a separate feature available to Apache in contrast to Nginx was designed initially to and is focused specifically on reverse proxy features.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use The Case



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are ascribed to a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing as the two types of proxies deal with the processing of requests as well as responses. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy providers is to look at the needs of the application that you are developing.




A reverse proxy is useful when building a solution to offer web-based applications on the internet. They act as your web server for any interaction you make on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when placed in front of users either for personal use, or even in a workplace setting. They are a representation of your client's activity when you use the internet.




The practice of segregating by use case instead of using only common naming conventions can ensure that you aren't confused.



Conclusion



This article explains the meaning of a proxy with the two major types, which are the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of practical use and an overview of advantageous features were used to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're looking to know more about the possibilities of proxies, then you should read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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