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A proxy, also known as a proxy also referred to a proxy server is a software that functions as mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without proxy, a user would make a request resources directly to a server and it will serve the requested resource directly to the user. Although this is a simple process to comprehend and implement using proxy servers, it could offer benefits in terms of increased performance, privacy, security, and much more. In addition to providing a layer of protection proxy, it acts as a security guard to the internet between servers and clients.

In general, the set of server hardware that is installed with proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. In this article, we'll concentrate on proxy servers, which are generally classified as software as well as in the context of web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two main types of proxy servers: the forward proxy as well as a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to a similar the namesake convention.

This article will provide you with an understanding of different types of proxy and what their subtypes are, and their importance in the common configurations. After reading the article you'll know how to recognize the situations that a good proxy is beneficial and select the best option between forward and reverse proxy based on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy also called an open proxy acts as an intermediary between clients who are trying to transmit a request over the internet to an source server. In this scenario, every request made by the client will instead be directed direct to the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. It will first determine whether the client is allowed to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request, or send it to the server that originally received it. The client has no direct access to the internet. It is able to access only the web pages that forward proxy grants it access to.

A very common applications of forward proxies is to improve privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as a client and in this process it can use an alternative IP address to the client's original IP address.

Based on the way it has been configured depending on how it is configured forward proxy can provide various features based on the way it's configured that allow users to:

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  Beware of ads that track you.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can determine restrictions based on your geographical area.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used in systems that offer central security and permission-based access, like at a workplace. Internet traffic can go through an open forward proxy, an administrator is able to limit access to specific clients on the internet that is protected by a standard firewall. In lieu of having firewalls installed for the client layer which could include multiple machines with various configurations and users, there is the option to set up a firewall at the front proxy layer.

Note to note that settings for forward proxy must be manually configured for use however reverse proxies will be disregarded from the clients. Depending on whether your IP address a user is transmitted to the server from which it came from by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept in the dark.

There are a myriad of alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy options:

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  Apache is a well-known open source web server, that offers forward-looking proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server. Check out our tutorial on how to install Squid proxy to connect privately on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is an forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suited for cases like peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to examine how you can set up Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as the web server, which takes care of incoming requests from customers on behalf of. The web server could represent a single, or multiple servers. It could even be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these cases, an application request comes from a user via the internet. In most cases requests are sent directly to the web server, which will provide the information the client is requesting. In contrast, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, and separates your website server from communication with the internet's open.

From the point of view of the user's point of view reverse proxy is a process that reverse proxy is similar to connecting to a Web server through direct contact. It's the same thing however the client can't tell the distinction. The client requests the resource, which is followed by receiving it, without any additional configurations required for the end-user.

Reverse proxies provide functions like:

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  A central layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic coming in is based on the rules you define.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies apply this function to the web server layer but not the client layer. In lieu of focussing on the maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers which could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of the firewall security is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls and communicating with clients who are far from web servers enables them to focus on serving the needs of their customers.

In the case of multiple servers running through reverse proxy reverse proxy is responsible for directing what requests are routed through which server. There could be multiple web servers offering identical content, but providing different services, or a mix of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol, which is a typical web server, however they could incorporate other protocols used by application servers like FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy settings to direct visitors to specific server depending on the resource requested, or to follow specific guidelines for the amount of traffic.

Reverse proxies can also take advantage of their position over web servers by giving them the capability to store data. Large static assets can be configured with caching policy to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Some solutions providing the option to directly serve static assets without contacting servers on the internet in any manner. In addition, the reverse proxy can help compress these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy option. While there is a similar feature in the Apache web server, it does include reverse proxy functions as an added option that is accessible for Apache while Nginx was originally designed for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic The labels can be confusing as both kinds of proxy servers process requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between the reverse and forward proxy types is to look at the requirements of the app you're developing.

Reverse proxy is helpful when building a solution to serve applications that are via the internet. They are your servers when you use the internet.

Forward proxy are useful when placed before customers for your own usage or in a corporate environment. They represent your client traffic through any interaction with the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing solely on common naming conventions can aid in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified the meaning of aproxy is, and compared it to the two most common types that are forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial attributes were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about implementation of proxies then you should check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy and web server proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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