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An proxy, also called a proxy server, is a program which acts as an intermediary for client and server over the internet. Without the proxy, a user would send a request for resources directly to a server and it would deliver the resource directly for the client. This method is simple to understand and implement, however, the addition of proxy servers could bring benefits such as increased speed, privacy, security, and many more. In addition to providing pass-through the proxy functions as a security guardian of the internet, separating clients from servers.

In general, the combination of server hardware coupled with the software for proxy installation is frequently described as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies typically described as software as well as in relation to web servers. We will discuss of two kinds of proxies. One being forward proxy and the other being a forward proxy and the reverse. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own specific application, and is frequently confused due to the similar namesake convention.

This article will provide you with an understanding of different subtypes and proxies in terms of their importance for the common setups. If you've read the article carefully, you'll discern situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and then choose the most appropriate option between forward proxy and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also known as an open proxy acts as the representative of a user who would like to forward a request via the internet to the server that originated it. In this situation every attempt to send requests from the client's side will be sent to the forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client, will examine the request. The first step is to find out if the client is authorized to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to the origin server. The client is not able to have direct connection to the internet and can only access what forward proxy permits it to access.

The most popular reason to utilize forward proxies is to increase privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy's access to the internet as clients, and as such, it could make use of an IP address distinct from the original IP address used by the user.

Depending on how it's been configured, forward proxy will grant a number of features in addition to the ability to:

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  Beware of Ad-trackers.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide centralized security as well as permission-based access, like at work. All internet traffic can pass through a forward proxy Administrators are capable of allowing only certain clients access to the internet via a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer that could include multiple machines that have different settings and environment the firewall is installed in an forward proxy layer.

It is crucial to keep in mind to set forward proxy preferences must be manually set up to permit them to be used in order to be used, while reverse proxies are able to not be detected by the user. Based on your IP address the user is transmitted to the server from which it originated via the forward proxy, the privacy and security may be granted or not.

There are a variety of options to think about when it comes to forward proxy alternatives:

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  Apache An open source well-known web server that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx A renowned open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that runs on the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete Web Server System. You can refer to our article on the most efficient method of configuring Squid proxy to handle secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it more suited to cases like peer-to -peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to configure Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary between web servers, and is able to handle requests from customers on behalf of. Web servers can function as a one server or as a series of servers. Additionally, it can be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any event, an application request is made through the internet. The request will typically be sent directly to the web server which hosts what the client is looking for. The reverse proxy serves as an intermediary to isolate your website server from communication via the web's public.

From the perspective of a user's view, interacting with reverse proxy isn't any different than interacting with Web server in direct contact. It is functionally similar, however the client cannot tell the difference. Client makes a request for an item, and is given it, with no additional configuration needed by the client.

Reverse proxy providers provide features like:

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  The server for the web is secure centrally.
  
  
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  The sending of traffic according to the rules you establish.
  
  
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  Added functionality for caching.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this feature only to only the server layer and not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls for Web server layers, which could contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, taking the burden of interfacing with firewalls and interfacing with requests from clients off web servers lets them focus on serving resources.

If there are more than one servers that have a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is also responsible for controlling which requests go at the server. There could be multiple web servers operating from the same host, all serving various kinds of resources, or a mixture of the two. These servers may use the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They can also include applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can also set up a reverse proxy to route the clients towards specific servers based on the service being requested, or to observe certain guidelines regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies are also able to make use of their location over web servers with the help of caching. Massive static resources can be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with every request, with some options even allowing the provision of static files in a direct manner without linking to the web server in any way. Additionally, reverse proxy can handle compression of these files.

The well-known Nginx web server is a wildly popular reverse proxy service. While the Apache web server is also available with a reverse proxy option as an additional function that is available for Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed to and focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality, as well as false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing because both types of proxies can manage requests and responses. An alternative method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy servers is to look at the needs of the application you're creating.

Reverse proxy is a useful tool when you are designing a solution to host websites on the internet. They are your web servers when you interact with the Internet.

Forward proxy is a great tool to use when you are working with clients in front for personal usage or in a work environment. They are a representation of your traffic whenever you connect to the internet.

A distinction based on usage case instead of using the standard names can help in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

The article explained what a proxy is as well as two types of them: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of its use and a discussion of most useful features were used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse. If you're interested in learning how to set up proxies, we suggest you go through our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server using Apache on and Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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