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A proxy also referred to proxy server software that acts as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without proxy servers, users can send a request for something directly through a server and the server will deliver the resource directly to the client. Though this approach is simple to comprehend and implement the addition of proxies can bring advantages in terms of enhanced performance, privacy, security, and much more. Alongside offering a security layer they also serve as a security safeguard for the internet, separating clients from servers.

There is a general consensus that the set of server hardware and proxy software is often referred to proxy servers. This article will concentrate on the proxies that are typically categorized as software and within the case of web servers. We will present a summary of the two main types, namely which are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has its own use that can cause confusion because of a similar name convention.

This article will give you an idea of the what proxies are and the subtypes of them and how they function in normal configurations. Through this article, you'll be able to identify the scenarios in which it is beneficial to use a proxy and choose the best option between forward and reverse proxy for any scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In the same way, a forward proxy sometimes called open proxy. In other words, an open proxy serves as the representative of a client who wants to make an internet-based request to an source server. In this scenario every request from the client is instead sent directly via the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in the in the place of the customer will review the request. The first step is to determine if the client has the right to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides if it wants to reject an request and send it back to the server that originally received it. The client isn't able to access directly the internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy grants the client access.

The most common reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to increase privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet in place of a client, and as such it could utilize an alternative IP address to the IP address originally used by the client.

Depending on how they've been previously configured, forward proxy servers can provide a range of options. They allow you to:

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  Avoid ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify limitations based on your geographical location.
  
  

Forward proxies may also be utilized in systems that offer centralized security and permission based access, for example, in the workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy,, administrators can restrict access to only those clients who are and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer which may comprise a range of computers with different user and operating environments, the firewall could be placed in the forward proxy layer.

It is important to note that settings for forward proxy must be manually configured for use to function in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxy settings are not recognized by clients. Based on whether the IP address of a client is transmitted to the source server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or denied.

There are a variety of options to take into consideration for forward proxies:

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  Apache: A popular open-source web server with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another renowned open-source webserver, this one with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that makes use of the HTTP protocol. Squid isn't a complete web server solution. Check out our step-by-step guide to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante forward proxy which runs on the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP which makes it better suited to situations such as peer-topeer traffic. You can also examine the steps to install the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as a representation of web servers that handle incoming requests from clients on its behalf. The web server may include a server or multiple servers. It could also serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, an application request comes by a user on the internet generally. In most cases, the request will be sent directly to the web server along with the information that the client is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, works as an intermediary, shielding Web servers from direct interaction with the internet's public.

From the point of viewpoint, or an individual's view, connecting via a reverse proxy similar to working with an internet server direct. It's exactly the same thing, however the client cannot see the distinction. The client asks for a resource and then receives it without any further configuration needed from the client.

Reverse proxies provide features such as:

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  Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic that is inbound, based on rules that you can set up.
  
  
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  The caching function has been added to the app.
  
  

While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this benefit only to the server layer and not the client layer. Instead of managing firewalls at servers on the internet, that may contain many servers and different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is concentrated on reverse proxy layers. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interfacing with a firewall and also interacting with clients' requests outside of web servers allows them to concentrate on providing the requirements of their customers.

In the event that there's multiple servers hosted by a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy will also be responsible for directing which requests go to the server. There may be several web servers that provide identical content or offering different kinds of content or a mixture of both. These servers may be running the HTTP protocol similar to a standard web server however they could also include additional protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy servers to redirect the clients towards specific servers based on the resource requested or to follow specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position before web servers by delivering the ability to cache. The large static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with every request. There are solutions even allowing users to serve static files directly without connecting to the web server even once. In addition reverse proxy solutions can manage compression of these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server also functions as an extremely popular reverse proxy service. Although Apache has a reverse proxy solution but it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy feature that is an added attribute of Apache while Nginx was originally designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Examples

Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, as well as false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing because both types of proxy handle responses and requests. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to examine the requirements of the program you're creating.

A reverse proxy could be helpful when building a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They act as your web server for when you use the internet.

Forward proxy can be useful when it is displayed in front of customers for personal use, or in the corporate setting. They are your client's representative whenever you use the internet.

The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can aid in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

This article defined the meaning of a proxy, which includes two kinds that are forward and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the beneficial characteristics were employed to identify between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about the process of implementing proxy services, check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy using Apache using Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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